This procedure is done when a fetus suffers from severe anemia. Anemia is a lack of red blood cells. A transfusion means giving the fetus red blood cells from a donor.
There are two types of fetal blood transfusions:
A transfusion is needed when the fetus's blood count falls too low. Severe anemia in a fetus can cause death. Anemia can be caused by:
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems like:
Prior to Procedure
Ultrasound examination to confirm fetal anemia, presence or absence of fetal hydrops and also accurate mapping of placenta, cord attachment etc.,
The procedure is usually performed in the operative theatre to maintain strict aseptic precautions and also keeping facilities available for caesarean section in case of any complications. Local anesthesia numbs a small area of your abdomen.
The procedure is carried out after giving a injection of local anaesthesia to numb the area.
Description of the Procedure
With IVT, the fetus will be paralyzed for a short time. This is to allow access to fetal blood vessels and to reduce injury to the fetus. During both IVT and IPT, the doctor will monitor the fetus with an ultrasound scan. The ultrasound will:
A 10 ml IVT transfusion will take 1-2 minutes. Usually, between 30-200 ml is transfused during a single procedure.
You will feel pain and cramping where the doctor inserts the needle. If you are close to delivering the fetus or if the procedure is long, the uterus can be sore.
This procedure is done in a hospital setting. You will be able to go home after the transfusion. If complications occur, you may need to have a cesarean section.